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Questions and discussion about smoldering myeloma (i.e., diagnosis, risk of progression, potential treatment, etc.)

How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by NWLanding on Mon Nov 30, 2015 6:02 pm

I see references to the five classes of antibodies: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE.

My lab results only reference IgG in the following way; here's an excerpt from my labs:

A monoclonal paraprotein is present measuring 2.57 g/dL. Background immunoglobulins are suppressed. Serum Free Light Chains: Increased kappa and kappa:lambda ratio. Decreased lambda.

History: Monoclonal paraprotein previously identified as IgG kappa and measured 2.47 g/dL on 5/22/15 and 1.99 g/dL on 5/22/14.

Do I need to request that my lab tests include the other 4 types of antibodies or did they only report on the IgG because it relates to my specific monoclonal type or that it is statistically more sig­nifi­cant?

I see some reports that are expressed in terms of grams and some milligrams, is this just a preferential reporting metric?

Thanks

NWLanding
Name: Marc
Who do you know with myeloma?: Self
When were you/they diagnosed?: MGUS 2006 SMM: 2015
Age at diagnosis: 54

Re: How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by Multibilly on Mon Nov 30, 2015 7:23 pm

Marc,

Your IgG is your "involved" immunoglobulin. All the other immunoglobulins are "uninvolved" (aka background). But knowing if one or more uninvolved immunoglobulins are suppressed is important. When you have one or more suppressed uninvolved immunoglobuins, it is known as immunoparesis and has prognostic significance.

Also, your kappa free light chain is your involved free light chain and your lambda free light chain is the uninvolved one. In total, you have a IgG-kappa type plasma cell disorder.

Note that you also want to track your actual kappa, lambda and kappa/lambda ratio values and not simply know that one may be increased or one may be decreased or normal. These values can be found on a serum free light chain assay. However, a high kappa, coupled with a low lambda and high ratio, could possibly signal bone marrow suppression. See this page for an explanation of bone marrow suppression.

If the lab knew that one or more of your background immunoglobulins were suppressed, they must have run what is known as a quantified immunogblobulin test. If they know that your kappa is increased and your lambda is decreased, they also ran a serum free light chain assay. So, you should try to get copies of those tests, along with your metabolic panel and CBC tests.

Different items in a report use different units of measure. Also, different labs and different countries use different units of measure for the same items, so it can get confusing. It has nothing to do with metric versus non-metric standards. It's just that there is no consensus between labs, equipment and countries. I can get results from Labcorp using one unit of measure and results from Quest Diagnostics using a different unit of measure for the same item. You just have to learn to convert when necessary.

Hope this helps.

Multibilly
Name: Multibilly
Who do you know with myeloma?: Me
When were you/they diagnosed?: Smoldering, Nov, 2012

Re: How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by NWLanding on Tue Dec 01, 2015 1:20 am

Thanks for the thorough explanation. You really helped me gain a better understanding and a good launch point for further investigation.

NWLanding
Name: Marc
Who do you know with myeloma?: Self
When were you/they diagnosed?: MGUS 2006 SMM: 2015
Age at diagnosis: 54

Re: How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by Smittie on Fri Jan 01, 2016 11:54 am

Just when I think I am getting a handle on everything myeloma-related, I read about bone marrow suppression for the first time ...

My immunoglobulin numbers are within the normal range, so I track these. So if I am IgG, does that mean my other two are the "uninvolved". I was just reading that if those two become surpressed, that is another sign of progression.

Can someone let me know if I am on the right track?

Smittie
Age at diagnosis: 54

Re: How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by Multibilly on Fri Jan 01, 2016 1:00 pm

Hi Smittie,

The phenomenon of one or more uninvolved immuoglobulins being suppressed is known as "immunoparesis". A recent Greek study showed that immunoparesis "may" have prognostic implications for multiple myeloma patients. See:

"Levels Of Uninvolved Immunoglobulins Linked To Prognosis In Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma," The Myeloma Beacon, March 24, 2014

So, this is another good to track all of one's immunoglobulin levels over time (IgG, IgA, IgM), not just the involved immunoglobulin level.

Multibilly
Name: Multibilly
Who do you know with myeloma?: Me
When were you/they diagnosed?: Smoldering, Nov, 2012

Re: How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by mrozdav on Fri Jan 01, 2016 4:33 pm

(Smittie and) Multibilly,

Is there a distinction to be made between immunoparesis observed before the initiation of therapy and immunoparesis induced by the medications we take?

The study Multibilly cited appears to address the status of "uninvolved" immunoglobulins only at the time of diagnosis, before any induction therapy has yet occurred. In my own case, my "uninvolved" immunoglobulins were fine until a few months into therapy. They dipped, together with my IgA, below normal for a time, but at this point all three immunoglobulins are indicated as normal. I assume this is because I am no longer on Revlimid-dexamethasone and that my Velcade injections every two weeks are not as damaging to the bone marrow.

mrozdav

Re: How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by Multibilly on Fri Jan 01, 2016 5:28 pm

Mrozdav,

I don't recall any study that specifically breaks out patients that developed immuno­paresis after induction. But this ASH abstract does mention a cohort of patients without immuno­paresis prior to induction that were part of a larger study on the impact of immono­paresis recovery post- induction / ASCT. But no mention is made of whether that cohort fared differently than the other cohort that had immunoparesis prior to induction, or whether they went on to develop immuno­paresis post-induction/ASCT.

VG de la Calle et al, "Immunoparesis Recovery As Predictor Marker of Progression after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma," ASH 2015 annual meeting abstract #4356

But others on the forum may also have come across articles on the subject.

Multibilly
Name: Multibilly
Who do you know with myeloma?: Me
When were you/they diagnosed?: Smoldering, Nov, 2012

Re: How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by Cheryl G on Fri Jan 01, 2016 9:46 pm

Mrozdav,

I'm also not familiar with any study that looks at the sort of thing that you're interested in.

I did find one study, however, that is somewhat related, and it also is by researchers in Greece. The study looked at the progression-free and overall survival of relapsed myeloma patients treated with Revlimid and dexamethasone.

MA Dimopoulos et al, "Efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma," Blood Cancer Journal, November 2014 (full text of article)

One of the things the authors looked at is what happened to a patient's IgA level in patients who did not have IgA multiple myeloma. In those patients, IgA would be an uninvolved immuno­globulin.

What they found is that, in patients with non-IgA multiple myeloma, an IgA level that rose during treatment was correlated with longer survival.

Cheryl G

Re: How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by Smittie on Sun Jan 03, 2016 2:12 pm

Thanks, Multibilly, for the information.

Smittie
Age at diagnosis: 54

Re: How to get results for other immunoglobulin levels?

by pinball on Fri Mar 04, 2016 9:32 am

I seem to be into a possibly more rare than common situation in that I have IgG kappa smoldering myeloma and my IgM dropped below normal to the lower 20s. Hopefully it doesn't mean much. I also developed Bence Jones proteinuria in my UPEP for the first time ever. My M-spike is now 900 g/dL, which is 2x the value during my 2014 bone marrow biopsy.

I have a feeling my upcoming bone marrow biopsy may indicate above 10% clonal plasma cells (92% aberrant) as my M-spike has doubled, immunoparesis has appeared with BJP in UPEPs. I've also had several sore throat, laryngitis infections for the first time in years.

Hopefully the low IgM isn't very meaningful. It's frustrating to see immunoparesis, Bence Jones proteinuria, M-spike increase to all continue to appear since my 2014 bone marrow biopsy put me right at the smoldering myeloma level.

Having an evolving case for two years is a bit annoying. Maybe things will level out and my case will stop evolving.

pinball
Who do you know with myeloma?: Myself
When were you/they diagnosed?: 2010 MGUS, 2014 Smoldering
Age at diagnosis: 39

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