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Interpreting a bone marrow biopsy - a little anxious

by toddb on Thu Jan 15, 2015 3:25 pm

Hi all-

I'm brand new to the forum and must say that the moderators and members do a great job. It surprised me to see how active the posting is for such a statistically small community.

I have to wait 2 weeks to see my doctor but was hoping to get a few perspectives on the results below:

Final Pathologic Diagnosis

Peripheral blood and bone marrow (aspirate smear, clot section and core biopsy):

  • Peripheral blood with mild anemia
  • Normocellular marrow with trilineal hematopoiesis and plasma cell myeloma.
  • Markedly decreased iron stores.
  • See comment.
Comment
Plasma cells comprise approximately a third of the marrow cellularity. chromosome analysis is pending.

Microscopic Description

Peripheral Smear
Red blood cells are decreased and show mild anisocytosis. White blood cells and platelets are adequate and morphologically unremarkable.

Aspirate Smear
The smear contains cellular spicules with degenerating cells present. The myeloid to erythroid ratio appears to be normal. Megakaryocytes are present. Plasma cells including large atypical forms are increased, comprising approximately 20% of the overall cellularity. Stainable iron is markedly decreased. Ring sideroblasts are not identified.

Aspirate Clot
The clot contains multiple marrow particles with large aggregates and sheets of atypical plasma cells, comprising approximately half of the marrow cellularity .

Core Biopsy
The biopsy consists of multiple fragments of medullary bone with a normal cellularity, approximately 50%. Aggregates and sheets of atypical plasma cells are noted similar to those seen in the aspirate clot, occupying approximately 30% of the marrow space. Background normal hematopoietic cells including megakaryocytes are present.

Flow Cytometry:

Interpretation:

Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of the submitted bone marrow aspirate is performed using antibodies to the listed analytes. Intracellular staining for immunoglobulin light chains is also performed. Electronic gates are placed around cell clusters displaying light scatter properties corresponding to lymphocytes (18% of total sample), monocytes (6% of total sample), and granulocytes (63% of total sample).

Phenotypic analysis reveals a distinct population of cells with increased light scatter properties comprising approximately 8% of the total sample which express CD38 (high density) and CD56 (high density), and exhibit kappa light chain restriction.
CD45 expression is negative.

Taken together, these results demonstrate the presence of a clonal population of cells which are immunophenotypically consistent with plasma cells, consistent with a plasma cell dyscrasia. Correlation with clinical and laboratory data suggested.



My Immunofixation showed an IgA monoclonal protein with a kappa light chain specifity. K/L ratio was 3.02.

M-Spike was 3.1 g/dl anodal and 0.4 g/dl cathodal

No bone lesions :-) on the full skeletal survey just osteoarthritis on the spine.

toddb
Name: Todd
Who do you know with myeloma?: Self
When were you/they diagnosed?: 2015
Age at diagnosis: 50

Re: Interpreting a bone marrow biopsy - a little anxious

by Multibilly on Thu Jan 15, 2015 4:00 pm

Hey Todd,

Welcome to the forum.

So, it looks like you may at least have smoldering multiple myeloma, but only a doc can make that call. Either an M-spike > 3 g/dL or a plasma cell % > 10% would put you at least in that smoldering category. It looks like you meet both criteria, but again a doc needs to make this diagnosis.

The next thing you check is whether you have any CRAB symptoms. Meeting any one of these would potentially classify you as having symptomatic multiple myeloma as opposed to smoldering multiple myeloma.

[C] Calcium elevation in the blood S. Calcium >10.5 mg/l or upper limit of normal
[R] Renal insufficiency S. Creatinine > 2 mg/dl
[A] Anemia Hemoglobin < 10 g/dl or 2 g < normal
[B] Lytic bone lesions or osteoporosis.

You should be able to find the C, R and A values on your CBC and metabolic panels.

You apparently don't have any bone involvement (B), based on your skeletal survey, but I would be asking for a PET/CT to confirm, which is really the new standard for imaging (see link further down).

You also don't appear to meet any of the latest, additional diagnostic criteria for symptomatic multiple myeloma listed in the link below, so that's also good news:

SV Rajkumar, "New Criteria For The Diagnosis Of Multiple Myeloma And Related Disorders," The Myeloma Beacon, Oct 26, 2014.

Getting the results of your chromosome and FISH analysis will be important to understand IF you are ever diagnosed as being symptomatic. It's not as important to understand for smoldering patients.

THE most important thing to do is to find a top specialist that focuses entirely on multiple myeloma. If you let us know where you live, we can offer up some suggestions on where to go.

Always remember that you can easily smolder the rest of your life and never need any treatment or feel the worse for it. It's easy to lose sight of this fact.

Hope this helps.

Multibilly
Name: Multibilly
Who do you know with myeloma?: Me
When were you/they diagnosed?: Smoldering, Nov, 2012

Re: Interpreting a bone marrow biopsy - a little anxious

by toddb on Thu Jan 15, 2015 5:02 pm

Thanks for the quick reply, Multibilly, and I fully appreciate the disclaimer statement :-)

Since early December, my hemoglobin levels have gone from 10.3, 11.1, and back down to 10.8 g/dl. The whole process started when I couldn't perform even 70% on my workouts. That has declined to the point where I just struggle to get through the work day despite my newly acquired energy drink habit. I just clocked 50 yrs and considered myself in excellent health - BMI of 12

I have done a lot of recent reading on the staging process and methodologies. From what I can tell, I unfortunately "may qualify" for the anemia criteria, <2% of the norm, but also want to deny this fact. My RBC has varied between 3.2 and 3.4. I have yet to have a B2M test, which puzzles me, as I thought this was an easy blood test.

Today, upon encouragement from my wife, I reached out to a leading specialist at Emory Winship here in Atlanta, and may also consider Mayo for a second opinion.

Any specific recommendations, even outside of those two establishments, would be greatly appreciated!

toddb
Name: Todd
Who do you know with myeloma?: Self
When were you/they diagnosed?: 2015
Age at diagnosis: 50

Re: Interpreting a bone marrow biopsy - a little anxious

by Multibilly on Thu Jan 15, 2015 5:39 pm

This thread might also help you on the anemia side, provided the multiple myeloma isn't causing the anemia. I got my hemoglobin back up to normal just by putting a lot more readily available iron into my diet. But diet really won't work if multiple myeloma is the culprit behind your hemoglobin and RBC blood counts or with all kinds of anemia.

"Counteracting anemia," forum disc. started July 22, 2014.

Multibilly
Name: Multibilly
Who do you know with myeloma?: Me
When were you/they diagnosed?: Smoldering, Nov, 2012

Re: Interpreting a bone marrow biopsy - a little anxious

by Multibilly on Thu Jan 15, 2015 7:40 pm

Forgot to comment that both Emory and the Mayo are great choices for a second opinion. A couple of the Medical Advisors who comment regularly on the Beacon threads are from those institutions: Dr. Kaufman (Emory) and Dr. Kapoor (Mayo). There also are a number of other very qualified docs that specialize in multiple myeloma at both of those institutions.

Multibilly
Name: Multibilly
Who do you know with myeloma?: Me
When were you/they diagnosed?: Smoldering, Nov, 2012

Re: Interpreting a bone marrow biopsy - a little anxious

by NStewart on Fri Jan 16, 2015 1:54 pm

I agree with and support everything that MultiBilly has posted to you.

Your problem with your workouts is likely due to your anemia. I wasn't really in tune to the impact of my anemia when I had it other than to knowing that I was more fatigued than I usually am. When it really hit me was when I tried to walk home from one of my appointments a mile from my home. Granted there are several steep inclines/declines in that mile, but I never had problems with them before. It took me an hour to walk the mile. At some parts of the walk, I had to stop a couple of times within a block to rest. The other thing that began to happen was I couldn't make it from the front door of the office where I worked to my car parked up hill a block away without stopping to sit and rest on a bench 2-3 times.

If you are diagnosed with multiple myeloma and start some sort of treatment, your hemoglobin and the anemia will begin to improve. If you don't start treatment, some sort of treatment for the anemia should be addressed. I was diagnosed at the smoldering stage and was given several shots to stimulate my hemoglobin level (I'm forgetting the drug right now). I had an immediate response to the shots. Now, whenever my hemoglobin drops below the low normal level by a point, or more, and my other blood levels drop, I am given a shot of Neupogen. Again, I have a quick response to that.

All the best to you and don't stress too much about the wait until you see your doctor for the results of all of your tests. Do get a second opinion if you do get the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Either of the places, or both, that you have mentioned are good choices.

Nancy in Phila

NStewart
Name: Nancy Stewart
Who do you know with myeloma?: self
When were you/they diagnosed?: 3/08
Age at diagnosis: 60


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