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Free light chain level - criterion for treatment?

by twinkle126 on Mon Feb 02, 2015 4:10 pm

Hi,

My Freelite essay is positive at 720, showing kappa light chains; the kappa/lambda ratio is 117. No M-spike in the protein electrophoresis, but there is a hypogammaglobulinemia. There is no end-organ damage (serum creatinine at 1.6 g/l), the urinalysis shows a Bence Jones protein at 2g/24hours

The bone marrow aspiration found 10% of plasmocytes

Are these criteria sufficient to diagnose light chain myeloma? Or is it smolding myeloma? Or even MGUS???

My hematologist decided to start my treatment. He told me it's because of the high level of free light chains.

I'm confused. :(

twinkle126

Re: Free light chain level - criterion for treatment?

by Dr. Peter Voorhees on Mon Feb 02, 2015 5:29 pm

Dear Twinkle126,

Recently updated International Myeloma Working Group criteria for starting treatment in patients with multiple myeloma include the presence of a serum free light chain ratio of 100 or more, recognizing that even in the absence of symptoms, patients who meet this criterion are at high risk of progression in the near future, with kidney deterioration as their presenting manifestation of symptomatic disease in many instances.

Your FLC ratio of 117 would fit this metric. Additionally, the creatinine you are noting, while not dangerously high, is likely higher than the normal range - is that the case in your situation? What is the reference range for the lab?

The burden of disease on bone marrow examination seems on the low side. However, I do worry about the free kappa light chain burden and the effect the monoclonal kappa light chains are having on your kidneys. This is not the ideal forum in which to sort out whether you should be treated or not, but, with the limited data we have, your physician's approach seems highly rational.

It is always appropriate and encouraged to get another opinion from someone with myeloma experience, especially if there is any concern about the plan moving forward.

Thanks!

Pete V.

Dr. Peter Voorhees
Name: Peter Voorhees, M.D.
Beacon Medical Advisor

Re: Free light chain level - criterion for treatment?

by twinkle126 on Tue Feb 03, 2015 2:58 pm

Thank you so much for your reply, Dr. Voorhees.

My hematologist told me that there are new recommendations which suggest that a high level of light chains needs treatment, but didn't explain further. Being a doctor myself, I tried to find articles about this, but didn't find anything.

I had 2 episodes of acute renal insufficiency, and they were both due to dehydration. The first one in July 2014. My serum creatinine was 4.1 mg/dl (lab norms: 0.8 - 1.2 mg/dl). The renal function was restored in about 2 weeks, And the second one in September 2014, with a serum creatinine at 6 mg/dl, but this time it was acute tubular necrosis and it took my kidneys 3 months to recover. But now my serum creatinine is fluctuating,

The doctors had such a hard time exploring this acute renal failure. I had anemia associated with it. My hemoglobin was 9.5 g/dl (norms: 12-16 g/dl), but it disappeared with iron supplements (now my hemoglobin is 12.5 g/dl).

The first Freelite assay came out negative kappa <4.5, We decided to do a second one, since the Bence Jones protein was found in my urine. It came out 720! They told me at the laboratory that they needed to dilute the serum. Note: My blood sample was coagulated, but they used it anyway for the analysis. Would that have affected the results?

My serum protein electrophoresis shows hypogammaglobulinemia

The lecture of my bone marrow aspiration showed 1 dystrophic plasmocyte.

I want to get a second opinion, but I would need to go to another country since my hematologist is the best myeloma specialist in my country.

twinkle126

Re: Free light chain level - criterion for treatment?

by Multibilly on Tue Feb 03, 2015 3:53 pm

Hi Twinkle,

The new IMWG guidelines are indeed not that easy to find yet. But see this article for a very understandable summary:

SV Rajkumar, "New Criteria For The Diagnosis Of Multiple Myeloma And Related Disorders," The Myeloma Beacon, Oct 26, 2014.

Multibilly
Name: Multibilly
Who do you know with myeloma?: Me
When were you/they diagnosed?: Smoldering, Nov, 2012

Re: Free light chain level - criterion for treatment?

by twinkle126 on Wed Feb 04, 2015 2:05 pm

Dear Multibilly:

Thank you so much for the link. It's very helpful and I'm understanding things better now.

twinkle126


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