On May 31 at the 45th meeting of the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO), researchers from Italy will report the results for a Phase 3 study currently comparing the combination Velcade (bortezomib)–melphalan (Alkeran)–prednisone–thalidomide (Thalomid) (VMPT) to Velcade-melphalan-prednisone (VMP) for the treatment of elderly, newly diagnosed myeloma patients.

Overall, the very good partial response rate for patients treated with VMPT was 55 percent, compared to 45 percent for those treated with VMP. After a median follow-up time of 14.5 months, the three-year progression-free survival was 74 percent in the …

At the XII International Myeloma Workshop held last month, physicians discussed induction therapy for patients who are not eligible for stem cell transplants.

Induction therapy is the initial treatment given to patients to reduce the number of cancer cells, usually given prior to subsequent treatments. For patients ineligible for transplants, such as the elderly, induction therapy has historically consisted of administering the drugs melphalan and prednisone, but this has changed considerably in recent years.

A number of clinical trials have investigated the combination of melphalan and …

Physicians discussed upfront and induction therapy at the XII International Myeloma Workshop (IMW) last month. During their discussion, they focused on stem cell transplantation as an early treatment method for eligible multiple myeloma patients.

The concepts of upfront and induction therapy are very similar. Upfront therapy is any therapy given to previously untreated patients, while induction therapy is defined as the first treatment toward reducing the number of cancer cells in a patient before subsequent treatments. Therefore, this IMW discussion focused on the very first steps doctors take during treatment of multiple …

A recent paper published in Lancet Oncology examines drugs that target biological mechanisms in multiple myeloma. This article is the last of three articles discussing new drugs for myeloma treatment.

Cells have correction mechanisms that prevent deleterious proteins from aggregating. Blocking either of these systems leads to an accumulation of toxins proteins in the cell and results in cell death.

Heat-shock Protein Inhibitors

One system that responds to misfolded proteins is heat-shock proteins (HSP). Among their other functions, these proteins stabilize survival signaling proteins that are overexpressed in multiple myeloma.

By using …

Chemotherapy, also known as anti-cancer agents or antineoplastics, is a treatment that kills cancer cells. It can be taken orally (by mouth), or intravenously (through the vein). High-risk multiple myeloma patients with advanced stages of myeloma are often treated with chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy aims to suppress multiple myeloma by targeting cancer cells which characteristically grow at uncontrollable rates. Chemotherapy is toxic to cancer cells and takes effect as the cells multiply. However, chemotherapy can also eliminate healthy cells - especially ones that divide rapidly in the body. For example, cells in the lining …

Melphalan hydrochloride (trade name Alkeran) is a chemotherapy drug belonging to the class of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. It is used primarily to treat multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer, and occasionally malignant melanoma. Otherwise known as L-Phenylalanine Mustard, or L-PAM, melphalan is a phenylalanine derivative of mechlorethamine. The agent was first investigated as a possible drug for use in melanoma. It did not work, but was found to be of use in myeloma. [...]