First DARZALEX com­bi­na­tion treat­ment regi­men being pursued in the frontline setting for trans­plant eli­gible patients with multiple myeloma

Raritan, NJ (Press Release) – The Janssen Pharma­ceu­tical Com­panies of Johnson & Johnson announced today the sub­mission of a supple­mental Biologics License Application (sBLA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Admin­istra­tion (FDA) seeking approval of DARZALEX® (dara­tu­mu­mab) in com­bi­na­tion with bor­tez­o­mib, thalido­mide and dexa­meth­a­sone (VTd) for newly diag­nosed patients with multiple myeloma who are eli­gible for au­tol­o­gous stem cell trans­plant (ASCT). The Phase 3 CASSIOPEIA (MMY3006) clin­i­cal study, which sup­ports the sBLA sub­mission, met its pri­mary end­point – the proportion of patients that achieved stringent Complete Response (sCR) after in­duction and con­sol­i­da­tion ther­apy.¹

"This sub­mission marks an im­por­tant step in the pursuit of poten­tial treat­ments for newly diag­nosed patients living with multiple myeloma, as DARZALEX has the poten­tial to im­prove clin­i­cal out­comes in com­bi­na­tion with a standard regi­men," said Yusri Elsayed, M.D., M.H.Sc., Ph.D., Vice Pres­i­dent, Hematologic Malignancies Disease Area Leader, Janssen Research & Development, LLC. "We look for­ward to work­ing closely with the FDA during review of the sub­mission with the goal of bringing a new treat­ment option to newly diag­nosed patients who are trans­plant eli­gible."

About the CASSIOPEIA Trial¹

The ran­dom­ized, open-label, multi­center, Phase 3 study is sponsored by the French Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM) in col­lab­o­ration with the Dutch-Belgian Cooperative Trial Group for Hematology Oncology (HOVON) and Janssen Research & Development, LLC. The study in­cluded 1,085 newly diag­nosed patients with pre­vi­ously un­treated symp­tomatic multiple myeloma who were eli­gible for high-dose chemo­ther­apy and stem cell trans­plant. In the first part of the study, patients were ran­dom­ized to receive induction treat­ment with VTd alone or in com­bi­na­tion with DARZALEX, high-dose ther­apy and ASCT, and consolida­tion ther­apy with VTd alone or in com­bi­na­tion with DARZALEX. The pri­mary end­point in this part of the study is the proportion of patients who achieve a sCR. In the second part of the study, which is ongoing, patients who achieved a partial response or better in part one will undergo a second ran­domiza­tion to receive main­te­nance treat­ment with DARZALEX 16 mg/kg every eight weeks for up to two years or be observed with no further treat­ment. The pri­mary end­point in this part of the study is pro­gres­sion-free survival.

About DARZALEX® (dara­tu­mu­mab)

DARZALEX® (dara­tu­mu­mab), the first CD38-directed anti­body approved any­where in the world, is the only CD38-directed anti­body approved to treat multiple myeloma.² CD38 is a surface protein that is present in high numbers on multiple myeloma cells, re­gard­less of the stage of disease.³ DARZALEX binds to CD38 and inhibits tumor cell growth causing myeloma cell death.² DARZALEX may also have an effect on nor­mal cells.² DARZALEX is being eval­u­ated in a com­pre­hen­sive clin­i­cal devel­op­ment pro­gram across a range of treat­ment settings in multiple myeloma, such as in frontline and re­lapsed settings.^{4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11} Additional studies are ongoing or planned to assess its poten­tial in other malignant and pre-malignant hema­to­logic diseases in which CD38 is ex­pressed, such as smol­der­ing myeloma.^12,13

In the U.S., DARZALEX received initial FDA approval in November 2015 as a mono­therapy for patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least three prior lines of ther­apy, in­­clud­ing a pro­te­a­some inhibitor (PI) and an immuno­modu­la­tory agent, or who are double refractory to a PI and an immuno­modu­la­tory agent.¹⁴ DARZALEX received addi­tional approvals in November 2016 in com­bi­na­tion with lena­lido­mide and dexa­meth­a­sone, or bor­tez­o­mib and dexa­meth­a­sone, for the treat­ment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior ther­apy.¹⁵ In June 2017, DARZALEX received approval in com­bi­na­tion with poma­lido­mide and dexa­meth­a­sone for the treat­ment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior ther­a­pies, in­­clud­ing lena­lido­mide and a PI.¹⁶ Most recently, in May 2018, DARZALEX received approval in com­bi­na­tion with bor­tez­o­mib, mel­phalan and pred­ni­sone for the treat­ment of patients with newly diag­nosed multiple myeloma who are in­eli­gible for ASCT, making it the first mono­clonal anti­body approved for newly diag­nosed patients with this disease.¹⁷

In August 2012, Janssen Biotech, Inc. entered into a global license and devel­op­ment agree­ment with Genmab A/S, which granted Janssen an exclusive license to develop, manu­fac­ture and com­mer­cial­ize DARZALEX.¹⁸ For the full U.S. Prescribing Information, please visit www.DARZALEX.com.

About Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is an incurable blood cancer that affects a type of white blood cell called plasma cells, which are found in the bone marrow.^19,20 When damaged, these plasma cells rapidly spread and replace nor­mal cells with tumors in the bone marrow.^19,20 In 2019, it is esti­mated that 32,110 people will be diag­nosed and 12,960 will die from the disease in the U.S.²¹ While some patients with multiple myeloma have no symp­toms, most patients are diag­nosed due to symp­toms, which can in­clude bone fracture or pain, low red blood counts, tiredness, high cal­cium levels, kidney problems or in­fec­tions.²²

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION²

CONTRAINDICATIONS

DARZALEX is con­tra­in­di­cated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylactic reac­tions) to dara­tu­mu­mab or any of the components of the for­mu­la­tion.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Infusion Reactions – DARZALEX can cause severe and/or serious in­fusion reac­tions, in­­clud­ing anaphylactic reac­tions. In clin­i­cal trials, approx­i­mately half of all patients ex­peri­enced an in­fusion reac­tion. Most in­fusion reac­tions occurred during the first in­fusion and were grade 1-2. Infusion reac­tions can also occur with sub­se­quent in­fusions. Nearly all reac­tions occurred during in­fusion or within 4 hours of com­plet­ing an in­fusion. Prior to the in­tro­duc­tion of post-infusion medication in clin­i­cal trials, in­fusion reac­tions occurred up to 48 hours after in­fusion. Severe reac­tions have occurred, in­­clud­ing bron­cho­spasm, hypoxia, dyspnea, hyper­tension, laryngeal edema and pul­mo­nary edema. Signs and symp­toms may in­clude res­pira­tory symp­toms, such as nasal congestion, cough, throat irritation, as well as chills, vomiting and nausea. Less common symp­toms were wheezing, allergic rhinitis, pyrexia, chest discomfort, pruritus, and hypo­tension.

Pre-medicate patients with antihistamines, anti­pyretics, and corticosteroids. Frequently monitor patients during the entire in­fusion. Interrupt in­fusion for reac­tions of any severity and institute medical man­agement as needed. Permanently dis­con­tinue ther­apy if an anaphylactic reac­tion or life-threatening (Grade 4) reac­tion occurs and institute appro­pri­ate emergency care. For patients with Grade 1, 2, or 3 reac­tions, reduce the in­fusion rate when re-starting the in­fusion.

To reduce the risk of delayed in­fusion reac­tions, admin­ister oral corticosteroids to all patients fol­low­ing DARZALEX in­fusions. Patients with a history of chronic obstructive pul­mo­nary disease may require addi­tional post-infusion medications to man­age res­pira­tory com­pli­ca­tions. Consider pre­scrib­ing short- and long-acting bron­cho­di­lators and inhaled corticosteroids for patients with chronic obstructive pul­mo­nary disease.

Interference with Serological Testing – Dara­tu­mu­mab binds to CD38 on red blood cells (RBCs) and results in a pos­i­tive Indirect Antiglobulin Test (Indirect Coombs test). Dara­tu­mu­mab-mediated pos­i­tive indirect antiglobulin test may persist for up to 6 months after the last dara­tu­mu­mab in­fusion. Dara­tu­mu­mab bound to RBCs masks detection of anti­bodies to minor an­ti­gens in the patient's serum. The deter­mi­na­tion of a patient's ABO and Rh blood type are not impacted. Notify blood transfusion centers of this inter­fer­ence with serological testing and inform blood banks that a patient has received DARZALEX. Type and screen patients prior to starting DARZALEX.

Neutropenia – DARZALEX may in­­crease neu­tro­penia induced by back­ground ther­apy. Monitor com­plete blood cell counts periodically during treat­ment according to manu­fac­turer's pre­scrib­ing in­for­ma­tion for back­ground ther­a­pies. Monitor patients with neu­tro­penia for signs of in­fec­tion. DARZALEX dose delay may be required to allow re­cov­ery of neu­tro­phils. No dose reduction of DARZALEX is rec­om­mended. Consider sup­port­ive care with growth factors.

Thrombocytopenia – DARZALEX may in­­crease thrombo­cyto­penia induced by back­ground ther­apy. Monitor com­plete blood cell counts periodically during treat­ment according to manu­fac­turer's pre­scrib­ing in­for­ma­tion for back­ground ther­a­pies. DARZALEX dose delay may be required to allow re­cov­ery of platelets. No dose reduction of DARZALEX is rec­om­mended. Consider sup­port­ive care with transfusions.

Interference with Determination of Complete Response – Dara­tu­mu­mab is a human IgG kappa mono­clonal anti­body that can be detected on both the serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immuno­fix­a­tion (IFE) assays used for the clin­i­cal monitoring of endogenous M-protein. This inter­fer­ence can impact the deter­mi­na­tion of com­plete response and of disease pro­gres­sion in some patients with IgG kappa myeloma protein.

Adverse Reactions – The most frequently reported adverse reac­tions (incidence ≥20%) in clin­i­cal trials were: in­fusion reac­tions, neu­tro­penia, thrombo­cyto­penia, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, con­sti­pa­tion, vomiting, muscle spasms, arthralgia, back pain, pyrexia, chills, dizzi­ness, insomnia, cough, dyspnea, periph­eral edema, periph­eral sensory neu­rop­athy and upper res­pira­tory tract in­fec­tion.

In patients who received DARZALEX in com­bi­na­tion with bor­tez­o­mib, mel­phalan, and pred­ni­sone (DVMP), the most frequently reported adverse reac­tions (incidence ≥20%) were: upper res­pira­tory tract in­fec­tion (48%), in­fusion reac­tions (28%), and periph­eral edema (21%). Serious adverse reac­tions (≥2% com­pared to the VMP arm) were pneu­monia (11%), upper res­pira­tory tract in­fec­tion (5%), and pul­mo­nary edema (2%). Treatment-emergent Grade 3-4 hematology laboratory ab­nor­mal­i­ties ≥20% were lymphopenia (58%), neu­tro­penia (44%), and thrombo­cyto­penia (38%).

In patients who received DARZALEX in com­bi­na­tion with lena­lido­mide and dexa­meth­a­sone, the most frequently reported adverse reac­tions (incidence ≥20%) were: upper res­pira­tory tract in­fec­tion (65%), in­fusion reac­tions (48%), diarrhea (43%), fatigue (35%), cough (30%), muscle spasms (26%), nausea (24%), dyspnea (21%) and pyrexia (20%). The over­all in­ci­dence of serious adverse reac­tions was 49%. Serious adverse reac­tions (≥2% com­pared to Rd) were pneu­monia (12%), upper res­pira­tory tract in­fec­tion (7%), influenza (3%), and pyrexia (3%). Treatment-emergent Grade 3-4 hematology laboratory ab­nor­mal­i­ties ≥20% were neu­tro­penia (53%) and lymphopenia (52%).

In patients who received DARZALEX in com­bi­na­tion with bor­tez­o­mib and dexa­meth­a­sone, the most frequently reported adverse reac­tions (incidence ≥20%) were: periph­eral sensory neu­rop­athy (47%), in­fusion reac­tions (45%), upper res­pira­tory tract in­fec­tion (44%), diarrhea (32%), cough (27%), periph­eral edema (22%), and dyspnea (21%). The over­all in­ci­dence of serious adverse reac­tions was 42%. Serious adverse reac­tions (≥2% com­pared to Vd) were upper res­pira­tory tract in­fec­tion (5%), diarrhea (2%) and atrial fibrillation (2%). Treatment-emergent Grade 3-4 hematology laboratory ab­nor­mal­i­ties ≥20% were lymphopenia (48%) and thrombo­cyto­penia (47%).

In patients who received DARZALEX in com­bi­na­tion with poma­lido­mide and dexa­meth­a­sone, the most frequent adverse reac­tions (>20%) were fatigue (50%), in­fusion reac­tions (50%), upper res­pira­tory tract in­fec­tion (50%), cough (43%), diarrhea (38%), con­sti­pa­tion (33%), dyspnea (33%), nausea (30%), muscle spasms (26%), back pain (25%), pyrexia (25%), insomnia (23%), arthralgia (22%), dizzi­ness (21%), and vomiting (21%). The over­all in­ci­dence of serious adverse reac­tions was 49%. Serious adverse reac­tions reported in ≥5% patients in­cluded pneu­monia (7%). Treatment-emergent hematology Grade 3-4 laboratory ab­nor­mal­i­ties ≥20% were anemia (30%), neu­tro­penia (82%), and lymphopenia (71%).

In patients who received DARZALEX as mono­therapy, the most frequently reported adverse reac­tions (incidence ≥20%) were: in­fusion reac­tions (48%), fatigue (39%), nausea (27%), back pain (23%), pyrexia (21%), cough (21%), and upper res­pira­tory tract in­fec­tion (20%). The over­all in­ci­dence of serious adverse reac­tions was 33%. The most frequent serious adverse reac­tions were pneu­monia (6%), general physical health deterioration (3%), and pyrexia (3%). Treatment-emergent Grade 3-4 hematology laboratory ab­nor­mal­i­ties ≥20% were lymphopenia (40%) and neu­tro­penia (20%).

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Effect of Other Drugs on Dara­tu­mu­mab: The coadministration of lena­lido­mide, poma­lido­mide or bor­tez­o­mib with DARZALEX did not affect the phar­ma­co­ki­netics of dara­tu­mu­mab.

Effect of Dara­tu­mu­mab on Other Drugs: The coadministration of DARZALEX with bor­tez­o­mib or poma­lido­mide did not affect the phar­ma­co­ki­netics of bor­tez­o­mib or poma­lido­mide.

About the Janssen Pharma­ceu­tical Com­panies of Johnson & Johnson

At Janssen, we're creating a future where disease is a thing of the past. We're the Pharma­ceu­tical Com­panies of Johnson & Johnson, work­ing tirelessly to make that future a reality for patients every­where by fighting sickness with science, im­prov­ing access with ingenuity, and heal­ing hope­less­ness with heart. We focus on areas of med­i­cine where we can make the biggest dif­fer­ence: Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Vaccines, Neuroscience, Oncology, and Pulmonary Hypertension.

Learn more at www.janssen.com. Follow us at www.twitter.com/JanssenGlobal. Janssen Research & Development, LLC and Janssen Biotech, Inc. are members of the Janssen Pharma­ceu­tical Com­panies of Johnson & Johnson.

Cautions Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

This press release con­tains "forward-looking state­ments" as defined in the Private Se­cu­ri­ties Lit­i­ga­tion Reform Act of 1995 re­gard­ing DARZALEX. The reader is cautioned not to rely on these for­ward-looking state­ments. These state­ments are based on current ex­pec­ta­tions of future events. If under­lying assump­tions prove inaccurate or known or unknown risks or un­cer­tain­ties ma­teri­alize, actual results could vary ma­teri­ally from the ex­pec­ta­tions and projections of Janssen Research & Development, LLC, any of the other Janssen Pharma­ceu­tical Com­panies and/or Johnson & Johnson. Risks and un­cer­tain­ties in­clude, but are not limited to: chal­lenges and un­cer­tain­ties in­her­ent in prod­uct research and devel­op­ment, in­­clud­ing the uncertainty of clin­i­cal success and of obtaining regu­la­tory approvals; uncertainty of commercial success; manu­fac­tur­ing dif­fi­culties and delays; com­pe­ti­tion, in­­clud­ing technological ad­vances, new prod­ucts and patents attained by com­pet­i­tors; chal­lenges to patents; prod­uct efficacy or safety con­cerns resulting in prod­uct recalls or regu­la­tory action; changes in behavior and spending patterns of purchasers of health care prod­ucts and services; changes to appli­­cable laws and reg­u­la­tions, in­­clud­ing global health care reforms; and trends to­ward health care cost con­tainment. A further list and descriptions of these risks, un­cer­tain­ties and other factors can be found in Johnson & Johnson's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2018, in­­clud­ing in the sections captioned "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Item 1A. Risk Factors," and in the com­pany's most recently filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the com­pany's sub­se­quent filings with the Se­cu­ri­ties and Exchange Com­mis­sion. Copies of these filings are avail­able online at www.sec.gov, www.jnj.com or on request from Johnson & Johnson. None of the Janssen Pharma­ceu­tical Com­panies nor Johnson & Johnson under­takes to update any for­ward-looking state­ment as a result of new in­for­ma­tion or future events or devel­op­ments.

References

1. Genmab A/S. "Genmab Announces Positive Topline Results in Phase III CASSIOPEIA Study of Daratumumab in Front Line Multiple Myeloma." Issued October 21, 2018.
2. DARZALEX Prescribing Information, June 2018.
3. Fedele G et al. CD38 Ligation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Myeloma Patients Induces Release of Protumorigenic IL-6 and Impaired Secretion of IFNγ Cytokines and Proliferation. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;564687.
4. Janssen Research & Development, LLC. A Study Comparing Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 July 24]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02076009?term=mmy3003&rank=1 Identifier: NCT02136134.
5. Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Addition of Daratumumab to Combination of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 July 24]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02136134?term=mmy3004&rank=1 Identifier: NCT02076009.
6. Janssen Research & Development, LLC. A Study to Evaluate Daratumumab in Transplant Eligible Participants With Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma (Cassiopeia). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 July 24]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02541383?term=mmy3006&rank=2 NLM Identifier: NCT02541383.
7. Janssen Research & Development, LLC. A Study of Combination of Daratumumab and Velcade (Bortezomib) Melphalan-Prednisone (DVMP) Compared to Velcade Melphalan-Prednisone (VMP) in Participants With Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 July 24]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02195479?term=mmy3007&rank=1 Identifier: NCT02195479.
8. Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Study Comparing Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone With Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Participants With Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 July 24]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02252172?term=mmy3008&rank=1 Identifier: NCT02252172.
9. Janssen Research & Development, LLC. A Study of VELCADE (Bortezomib) Melphalan-Prednisone (VMP) Compared to Daratumumab in Combination With VMP (D-VMP), in Participants With Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma Who Are Ineligible for High-Dose Therapy (Asia Pacific Region). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 July 24]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03217812?term=MMY3011&rank=1 Identifier: NCT03217812.
10. European Myeloma Network. Compare Progression Free Survival Btw Daratumumab/​Pomalidomide/​Dexamethasone vs Pomalidomide/​Dexamethasone (EMN14). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 July 24] Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03180736?term=MMY3013&rank=2 Identifier: NCT03180736
11. Amgen. Study of Carfilzomib, Daratumumab and Dexamethasone for Patients With Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. (CANDOR). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 July 24] Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03158688?term=NCT03158688&rank=1 Identifier: NCT03158688.
12. Janssen Research & Development, LLC. A Study to Evaluate 3 Dose Schedules of Daratumumab in Participants With Smoldering Multiple Myeloma In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 March 19]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02316106?term=smm2001&rank=1 Identifier: NCT02316106.
13. Janssen Research & Development, LLC. An Efficacy and Safety Proof of Concept Study of Daratumumab in Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, and Follicular Lymphoma In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000-[cited 2018 March 19]. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02413489?term=lym2001&rank=1 Identifier: NCT02413489
14. Janssen Biotech, Inc. "DARZALEX® (daratumumab) Approved by U.S. FDA: First Human Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Available for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma." Issued November 16, 2015.
15. Janssen Biotech, Inc. "DARZALEX® (daratumumab) Approved by U.S. FDA in Combination with Two Standard of Care Regimens for the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received At Least One Prior Therapy." Issued November 21, 2016.
16. Janssen Biotech, Inc. "DARZALEX® (daratumumab) Approved by the U.S. FDA in Combination with Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone for Patients with Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received At Least Two Prior Therapies." Issued June 16, 2017.
17. Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. "Janssen Announces DARZALEX® (daratumumab) U.S. FDA Approval for Newly Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Myeloma who are Transplant Ineligible." Issued May 7, 2018.
18. Janssen Biotech, Inc. "Janssen Biotech Announces Global License and Development Agreement for Investigational Anti-Cancer Agent Daratumumab." Issued August 30, 2012.
19. Kumar, SK et al. Leukemia. 2012 Jan; 26(1):149-57.
20. American Cancer Society. "What Is Multiple Myeloma?" Available at: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiplemyeloma/detailedguide/multiple-myeloma-what-is-multiple-myeloma. Accessed August 2018. Accessed March 2019.
21. American Cancer Society. "Key Statistics for Multiple Myeloma." Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/about/key-statistics.html. Accessed March 2019.
22. American Cancer Society. "Diagnosing Multiple Myeloma From Test Results." Available at: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiplemyeloma/detailedguide/multiple-myeloma-diagnosis. Accessed March 2019.

Source: Janssen.